Dr. Steven J. Murdoch is a Royal Society University Research Fellow in the Security Group of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, working on developing metrics for security and privacy. His research interests include covert channels, banking security, anonymous communications, and censorship resistance. Following his PhD studies on anonymous communications, he worked with the OpenNet Initiative, investigating Internet censorship. He then worked for the Tor Project, on improving the security and usability of the Tor anonymity system. Currently he is supported by the Royal Society on developing methods to understand complex system security. He is also working on analyzing the security of banking systems especially Chip & PIN/EMV, and is Chief Security Architect of Cronto, an online authentication technology provider and part of the Vasco group.